马尾松造纸材种源选择

在南、中、北亚热带地区三片九年生马尾松种源试验林中(广西南宁、江西安福、浙江鄞县),采集9个代表性种源试样,测试28项包括木材构造、物理和化学的性状,进行种源间比较选择,结果是:①经试验点内及多点方差分析,各性状种源间差异远大于种源内个体间差异,且种源与试验点间存在互作。②主要造纸经济性状(管胞宽、长宽比、双壁厚、腔径和壁腔比等)遗传力估值均大于0.6,受强度的遗传控制。③材性与生长性状间相关分析表明,在马尾松速生地区作高、径性状的正向选择会导致种源或个体的管胞长宽比、晚材率和壁腔比下降,管胞宽度及腔径增大,这为间接选择提供依据。④取与造纸性能关系紧密的11项木材性状,综合选择出高州、宁明、吉安和德江等优良种源。     

玛咖不同颜色种子表型性状及活力特性分析

比较分析棕黄色、棕红色和黑色3种颜色玛咖种子的大小、萌发特性、幼苗生长特性和酶活力,探讨3种颜色玛咖种子的表型性状及其与种子活力之间的相关性。结果表明,棕黄色和黑色种子的长、厚、厚宽比、千粒质量、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗苗长、根长、单株鲜质量和干质量、POD活性、脱氢酶活性等性状之间无显著差异,但均显著高于棕红色种子(P<0.05);棕黄色和黑色种子的新鲜不发芽种子数、死种子数和不正常幼苗数均显著低于棕红色种子(P<0.05)。不同颜色玛咖种子的千粒质量与种子的长、厚存在显著正相关(P<0.05),种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均与千粒质量、POD和脱氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明棕黄色和黑色种子活力高于棕红色种子,萌发能力更强。     

24种白三叶种质材料在长沙的适应性研究

本文对来自不同地区的24种白三叶种质材料进行对比研究,调查不同种质材料在长沙2013年夏季旱灾后的恢复情况和2014年“倒春寒”后各种质材料的存活及返青情况。结果表明,植株高度和匍匐茎长短与白三叶耐旱情况成正比,而干旱后返青速度越快的白三叶材料,遇到寒冷时死亡速度越慢。同时从中选出了三类适合于华中地区种植的材料类型,第一类为既耐旱又耐寒的02485和海发,第二类为较耐旱不耐寒,但返青速度快的02478、00858、CF022549和00605,第三类为不耐旱但耐寒、返青速度快的百事吉、和谐、贵州大方和02587。     

不同蛋白质水平饲粮对大巴沙三元杂种猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

为研究不同蛋白质水平饲粮对大巴沙猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响,选择体重25 kg左右的大巴沙三元杂种猪36头,随机分成3组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头,公母比例一致。试验分前期(25~60 kg)和后期(60~100 kg)2个阶段。高蛋白质组前期和后期蛋白质水平分别为16.00%和14.02%,中蛋白质组分别为15.00%和13.02%,低蛋白质组为14.00%和12.02%。结果表明,与中蛋白质组、低蛋白质组相比,高蛋白质组全期日增重分别提高5.47%(P0.05)和10.31%(P0.05),全期料重比分别降低3.28%(P0.05)和11.72%(P0.05);3点平均背膘厚分别提高0.56cm(P0.01)和0.29 cm(P0.05);眼肌面积分别提高7.85%和降低3.45%;整个试验期每千克增重成本分别降低0.23元和1.05元。综合考虑,大巴沙三元杂种猪饲粮适宜的粗蛋白质水平为前期15.00%~16.00%、后期13.02%~14.02%。     

盐胁迫下外源Ca~(2+)对红豆草幼苗抗性生理的影响

以蒙农红豆草为材料,研究了100mmol/L NaCl胁迫下不同浓度外源Ca2+对红豆草幼苗的生长、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量及根系活力的影响;探讨了Ca2+对盐胁迫伤害的缓解作用。结果表明:随着Ca2+浓度的增加,与CK相比,红豆草脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量及根系活力呈先升高后降低的明显变化趋势,在T3(100mmol/L NaCl+30mmol/L CaCl2)处理下,红豆草脯氨酸、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量与对照相比提高了32.3%,60.0%和9.7%,差异显著(P0.05);T3、T4处理的根系活力显著高于CK(P0.05),其他处理与CK无明显差异;T3处理的株高显著高于对照CK(P0.05),其他处理与CK间无显著差异,达到最佳的效果。     

Genetic parameters for litter size,piglet growth and sow's early growth and body composition in the Chinese–European line Tai Zumu

Genetics of piglet growth in association with sow's early growth and body composition were estimated in the Tai Zumu line. Piglet and sow's litter growth traits were calculated from individual weights collected at birth and at 3 weeks of age. Sow's litter traits included the number of piglets born alive (NBA), the mean piglet weight (MW) and the standard deviation of weights within the litter (SDW). Sow's early growth was measured by the age at 100 kg (A₁₀₀), and body composition included backfat thickness (BF₁₀₀). A main objective of this study was to estimate separately the direct genetic effect (d) and the maternal genetic effect (m) on piglet weight and daily weight gain during lactation. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood methodology based on animal models. The heritability estimates were 0.19 for NBA, 0.15 and 0.26 for SDW and MW at 3 weeks and 0.42 and 0.70 for A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀. The NBA was almost independent from SDW. Conversely, the A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀ were correlated unfavourably with SDW (r_g<−0.24, SE<0.12). A stronger selection for litter size should have little effect on litter homogeneity in weights. Selection for lean growth rate tends to favour heterogeneity in weights. The direct effect on piglet weight at birth and daily weight gain accounted for 12% (h² (d) = 0.02) and 50% (h² (d) = 0.11) of the genetic variance, respectively. The association between d and m for piglet weight was not different from zero at birth (r_g = 0.19, SE = 0.27), but a strong antagonism between d and m for daily weight gain from birth to 3 weeks was found (r_g = −0.41, SE = 0.17). Substantial direct and maternal genetic effects influenced piglet growth until weaning in opposite way.     

播期和播量对橘园间作下山黧豆产量及农艺性状的影响

在橘园间作条件下,采用裂区试验设计,经连续两年试验,研究了不同播种期、播种量对豆科绿肥山黧豆(Lath yrus sativus)鲜草产量、种子产量及农艺性状的影响.结果表明,1)播期、播量对山黧豆鲜草和种子产量均有显著影响(P＜0.05),播量影响大于播期;2)山黧豆的鲜草和种子产量随播期推迟显著降低(P＜0.05),9月20日播种的鲜草产量最高,达29 406.0 kg·hm-2,种子产量则以9月30日播种的最高,为1 616.1 kg·hm-2.早播(9月播种)时,株高、单株分枝数、单株根瘤数、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状均优于晚播(10月播种);3)播量为45.0 kg·hm-2时,其鲜草和种子产量均最高,拯种量过大对产量和农艺性状均有负向作用.综上,山黧豆在四川西充与橘园间作下的适宜播种期在9月,最佳播种量为45.0 kg·hm-2.     

Beef quality traits of heifer in comparison with steer,bull and cow at various feeding environments

The present review has been focused largely on the sex type differences in beef quality among heifers, cows, steers and bulls in various feeding environments. Genetic groups, feeding systems and gender are the major factors that change carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of cattle. Studies identified that heifer beef has super characteristics in eating quality and a better healthy composition in fatty acids than steer, cow and bull. Diet influences the variation of fatty acid profile; particularly the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) interacts with breed and sex. Animals finished in pasture systems were reported to show better ratios of PUFA/ saturated fatty acids and n‐6/n‐3. Carcasses of roughage‐fed beef are lighter and have less marbling and lower quality grades but have higher cutability than carcasses of grain‐fed bulls. Heifers and cows are reported to deposit more fat than steers and bulls. Among males, lower production of testosterone by steers favors more fat thickness compared with bulls. Marbling greatly varies among cattle belonging to different sexes, and particularly, females have genetic makeup that efficiently controls deposition. The current review identified that heifers can be a premium beef brand, while steer beef currently take a large part of market share across the world.     

影响藏猪与大约克夏猪肌肉品质的lncRNA的筛选及功能分析

旨在分析藏猪和大约克夏猪(180日龄)背最长肌组织中与猪肉质性状相关的长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs)和基因,探讨lncRNAs在猪肉品质中的分子调控作用,为猪肉质性状的改良提供理论依据.本研究根据先前公布的数据,以饲养在相同条件下的180日龄健康藏公猪(n-3)和大约克夏公猪(n-3)为研究对象,收集背最长肌肉品...     

芝麻产量相关性状的多位点全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测

【目的】通过对芝麻产量相关性状的全基因组关联分析,挖掘与产量性状关联的SNP位点及预测候选基因,为通过分子标记辅助选择育种等方式提高芝麻产量提供技术基础。【方法】以363份不同遗传背景和地理来源的芝麻种质资源构成的自然群体为研究对象,调查2年2点4环境下8个产量相关性状（单株产量、单株蒴数、蒴粒数、千粒重、株高、主茎果轴长、始蒴高度和表观收获指数）的表型值,借助覆盖全基因组的42 781个SNP标记,利用多位点SNP随机效应混合线性模型（multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model,mrMLM）对8个产量相关性状进行全基因组关联分析,检测与产量相关性状显著关联的SNP位点,并预测候选基因。【结果】在4个不同环境下,8个产量相关性状表现出广泛的表型变异,变异系数为6.51%—33.57%;相关性分析表明单株产量与单株蒴数、株高、主茎果轴长、表观收获指数呈极显著正相关;方差分析表明产量相关性状的基因型效应、环境效应、基因型与环境互作效应均达到了极显著水平。通过多位点全基因组关联分析共检测到210个与产量相关性状显著关联的SNP,在2018年南阳环境下检测到47个SNP,解释表型变异的1.63%—17.29%;在2019年南阳环境下检测到35个SNP,解释表型变异的1.94%—11.90%;在2018年平舆环境下检测到35个SNP,解释表型变异的2.15%—15.90%;在2019年平舆环境下检测到53个SNP,解释表型变异的1.25%—11.13%;在4个环境的综合BLUP条件下检测到75个SNP,解释表型变异的1.44%—13.58%。上述210个SNP涉及到175个位点,其中10个位点在3个及以上环境中被重复检测到。在这10个位点基因组区域内,共鉴定到214个候选基因,其中156个候选基因具有功能注释,主要涉及植物代谢、生物调控、生长发育等生物学过程。根据功能注释筛选出4个可能与芝麻产量相关的候选基因,其中SIN_1006338编码1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合酶3（1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3-like）,参与乙烯的生物合成;SIN_1024330编码碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（basic helix-loop-helix）转录因子,负向调控植物细胞和器官的伸长;SIN_1014512编码吲哚-3-乙酸-酰胺合成酶GH3.6（indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.6）,参与调控茎和下胚轴细胞的伸长生长;SIN_1011473编码泛素受体蛋白DA1（protein DA1-like）,参与调节植物细胞增殖周期。【结论】通过多位点SNP随机效应混合线性模型的全基因组关联分析,检测到175个与产量相关性状显著关联的位点,筛选出4个可能与产量相关的重要候选基因。